ENTIRE SOLUTIONS OF LOTKA-VOLTERRA COMPETITION SYSTEMS WITH NONLOCAL DISPERSAL*

  • Yuxia HAO ,
  • Wantong LI ,
  • Jiabing WANG ,
  • Wenbing XU
Expand
  • 1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. College of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    3. School of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Mathematical Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
    4. School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
Yuxia HAO, E-mail: haoyx15@lzu.edu.cn; Jiabing WANG, E-mail: wangjb@cug.edu.cn; Wenbing XU, E-mail: 6919@cnu.edu.cn

Received date: 2022-04-05

  Revised date: 2023-05-22

  Online published: 2023-12-08

Supported by

Research of W.-T. Li was partially supported by the NSF of China (12271226), the NSF of Gansu Province of China (21JR7RA537) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2022-sp07); research of J.-B. Wang was partially supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2023A1515011757) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12271494), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (G1323523061) and research of W.-B. Xu was partially supported by the NSF of China (12201434).

Abstract

This paper is mainly concerned with entire solutions of the following two-species Lotka-Volterra competition system with nonlocal (convolution) dispersals:Here $a\neq 1$, $b\neq1$, $d$, and $r$ are positive constants. By studying the eigenvalue problem of (0.1) linearized at $(\phi_c(\xi), 0)$, we construct a pair of super- and sub-solutions for (0.1), and then establish the existence of entire solutions originating from $(\phi_c(\xi), 0)$ as $t\rightarrow -\infty$, where $\phi_c$ denotes the traveling wave solution of the nonlocal Fisher-KPP equation $u_t=k*u-u+u\left(1-u\right)$. Moreover, we give a detailed description on the long-time behavior of such entire solutions as $t\rightarrow \infty$. Compared to the known works on the Lotka-Volterra competition system with classical diffusions, this paper overcomes many difficulties due to the appearance of nonlocal dispersal operators.

Cite this article

Yuxia HAO , Wantong LI , Jiabing WANG , Wenbing XU . ENTIRE SOLUTIONS OF LOTKA-VOLTERRA COMPETITION SYSTEMS WITH NONLOCAL DISPERSAL*[J]. Acta mathematica scientia, Series B, 2023 , 43(6) : 2347 -2376 . DOI: 10.1007/s10473-023-0602-9

References

[1] Bao X, Li W T, Shen W. Traveling wave solutions of Lotka-Volterra competition systems with nonlocal dispersal in periodic habitats. J Differential Equations, 2016, 260: 8590-8637
[2] Carr J, Chmaj A. Uniqueness of travelling waves for nonlocal monostable equations. Proc Amer Math Soc, 2004, 132: 2433-2439
[3] Carrère C.Spreading speeds for a two species competition-diffusion system. J Differential Equations, 2018, 264: 2133-2156
[4] Chen X, Guo J. Existence and uniqueness of entire solutions for a reaction-diffusion equation. J Differential Equations, 2005, 212: 62-84
[5] Cosner C, Lazer A. Stable coexistence states in the Volterra-Lotka competition model wirh diffusion. SIAM J Appl Math, 1984, 44: 1112-1132
[6] Coville J. On a simple criterion for the existence of a principal eigenfunction of some nonlocal operators. J Differential Equations, 2010, 249: 2921-2953
[7] Dunbar S. Traveling wave solutions of diffusive Lotka-Volterra equations: a heteroclinic connection in $\mathbb{R}^4$. Trans Amer Math Soc, 1984, 286: 557-594
[8] Du L, Li W T, Wang J. Asymptotic behavior of traveling fronts and entire solutions for a periodic bistable competition-diffusion system. J Differential Equations, 2018, 265: 6210-6250
[9] Du L, Li W T, Wu S. Pulsating fronts and front-like entire solutions for a reaction-advection-diffusion competition model in a periodic habitat. J Differential Equations, 2019, 266: 8419-8458
[10] Ellison W, Ellison F. Prime Numbers. New York: Wiley, 1985
[11] Fang J, Yu X, Zhao X. Traveling waves and spreading speeds for time-space periodic monotone systems. J Funct Anal, 2017, 272: 4222-4262
[12] Fang J, Zhao X. Traveling waves for monotone semiflows with weak compactness. SIAM J Math Anal, 2014, 46: 3678-3704
[13] Fei N, Carr J. Existence of travelling waves with their minimal speed for a diffusing Lotka-Volterra system. Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl, 2003, 4: 503-524
[14] Fisher R. The wave of advance of advantageous genes. Ann of Eugenics, 1937, 7: 355-369
[15] Girardin L, Lam K. Invasion of open space by two competitors: spreading properties of monostable two-species competition-diffusion systems. Proc Lond Math Soc, 2019, 119: 1279-1335
[16] Gui C, Lou Y. Uniqueness and nonuniqueness of coexistence states in the Lotka-Volterra competition model. Comm Pure Appl Math, 1994, 47: 1571-1594
[17] Guo J, Morita Y. Entire solutions of reaction-diffusion equations and an application to discrete diffusive equations. Discrete Contin Dyn Syst, 2005, 12: 193-212
[18] Guo J, Wu C. Entire solutions for a two-component competition system in a lattice. Tohoku Math J, 2010, 62: 17-28
[19] Guo J, Wu C. Traveling wave front for a two-component lattice dynamical system arising in competition models. J Differential Equations, 2012, 252: 4357-4391
[20] Hamel F, Nadirashvili N.Entire solution of the KPP eqution.
Comm Pure Appl Math, 1999, 52: 1255-1276
[21] Hamel F, Nadirashvili N. Travelling fronts and entire solutions of the Fisher-KPP equation in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$. Arch Rational Mech Anal, 2001, 157: 91-163
[22] Hao Y X, Li W T, Wang J B.Propagation dynamics of Lotka-Volterra
competition systems with asymmetric dispersal in periodic habitats. J Differential Equations, 2021, 300: 185-225
[23] Hosono Y.Singular perturbation analysis of travelling waves of diffusive Lotka-Volterra competition models//Numerical and Applied Mathematics, Part II. Basel: Baltzer, 1989: 687-692
[24] Hou X, Leung A. Traveling wave solutions for a competitive reaction-diffusion system and their asymptotics. Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl, 2008, 9: 2196-2213
[25] Hou X, Wang B, Zhang Z. The mutual inclusion in a nonlocal competitive Lotka Volterra system. Japan J Indust Appl Math, 2014, 31: 87-110
[26] Hutson V, Lou Y, Mischaikow K. Convergence in competition models with small diffusion coefficients. J Differential Equations, 2005, 211: 135-161
[27] Iida M, Muramatsu T, Ninomiya H, et al. Diffusion-induced extinction of a superior species in a competition system. Japan J Indust Appl Math, 1998, 15: 233-252
[28] Kolmogorov A N, Petrovskii I G, Piskunov N S. Study of a diffusion equation that is related to the growth of a quality of matter,its application to a biological problem. Byul Mosk Gos Univ Ser A: Mat Mekh, 1937, 1: 1-26
[29] Lam K, Salako R, Wu Q. Entire solutions of diffusive Lotka-Volterra system. J Differential Equations, 2020, 269: 10758-10791
[30] Lewis M, Li B, Weinberger H. Spreading speeds and linear determinacy for two-species competition models. J Math Biol, 2002, 269: 219-233
[31] Li W T, Wang J B, Zhang L. Entire solutions of nonlocal dispersal equations with monostable nonlinearity in space periodic habitats. J Differential Equations, 2016, 261: 2472-2501
[32] Li W T, Zhang L, Zhang G B. Invasion entire solutions in a competition system with nonlocal dispersal. Discrete Contin Dyn Syst, 2015, 35: 1531-1560
[33] Liang X, Zhao X. Asymptotic speeds of spread and traveling waves for monotone semiflows with applications. Comm Pure Appl Math, 2007, 60: 1-40
[34] Liu Q, Liu S, Lam K. Asymptotic spreading of interacting species with multiple fronts I: A geometric optics approach. Discrete Contin Dyn Syst, 2020, 40: 3683-3714
[35] Lou Y, Zhao X, Zhou P. Global dynamics of a Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion-advection system in heterogeneous environments. J Math Pures Appl, 2019, 121: 47-82
[36] Lv G. Asymptotic behavior of traveling wave fronts and entire solutions for a nonlocal monostable equation. Nonlinear Anal, 2010, 72: 3659-3668
[37] Morita Y, Ninomiya H. Entire solutions with merging fronts to reaction-diffusion equations. J Dynam Differential Equations, 2006, 18: 841-861
[38] Morita Y, Tachibana K. An entire solution to the Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion equations. SIAM J Math Anal, 2009, 40: 2217-2240
[39] Pan S, Lin G.Invasion traveling wave solutions of a competition system with dispersal. Bound Value Probl, 2012: 1-11
[40] Peng R, Wu C, Zhou M. Sharp estimates for spreading speed of the Lotka-Volterra diffusion system with strong competition. Ann Inst H Poincaré C Anal Non Linéaire, 2021, 38: 507-547
[41] Schumacher K. Travelling-front solutions for integro-differential equations, I. J Reine Angew Math, 1980, 316: 54-70
[42] Sun Y, Zhang L, Li W T, et al. Entire solutions in nonlocal monostable equations: asymmetric case. Commun Pure Appl Anal, 2019, 18: 1049-1072
[43] Wang J B, Li W T, Dong F D, et al. Recent developments on spatial propagation for diffusion equations in shifting environments. Discrete Contin Dyn Syst Ser B, 2022, 27: 5101-5127
[44] Wang J B, Wu C. Forced waves and gap formations for a Lotka-Volterra competition model with nonlocal dispersal and shifting habitats. Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl, 2021, 58: 103208
[45] Wang M, Lv G. Entire solutions of a diffusive and competitive Lotka-Volterra type system with nonlocal delays. Nonlinearity, 2010, 23: 1609-1630
[46] Widder D V. The Laplace Transform.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1946
[47] Wu S L, Hsu C H. Entire solutions with merging fronts to a bistable periodic lattice dynamical system. Discrete Contin Dyn Syst, 2016, 36: 2329-2346
[48] Wu S L, Hsu C H. Existence of entire solutions for delayed monostable epidemic models. Trans Amer Math Soc, 2016, 368: 6033-6062
[49] Zeng X, Liu L, Xie W.Existence and uniqueness of the positive steady state solution for a Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model with a crowding term. Acta Math Sci, 2020, 40B: 1961-1980
[50] Zhang G B, Ma R, Li X. Traveling waves for a Lotka-Volterra strong competition system with nonlocal dispersal. Discrete Contin Dyn Syst Ser B, 2018, 23: 587-608
[51] Zhang G B, Zhao X Q. Propagation phenomena for a two-species Lotka-Volterra strong competition system with nonlocal dispersal. Calc Var Partial Differential Equations, 2020, 59: Art 10
[52] Zhang Q, Zhang G B. Front-like entire solutions for a Lotka-Volterra weak competition system with nonlocal dispersal. J Dyn Control Syst, 2021, 27: 133-151
[53] Zhao G, Ruan S. Existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of time periodic traveling waves for a periodic Lotka-Volterra competition system with diffusion. J Math Pures Appl, 2011, 95: 627-671
Options
Outlines

/