Let $\{Z_n\}_{n\geq 0 }$ be a critical or subcritical $d$-dimensional branching random walk started from a Poisson random measure whose intensity measure is the Lebesugue measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$. Denote by $R_n:=\sup\{u>0:Z_n(\{x\in\mathbb{R}^d:|x|<u\})=0\}$ the radius of the largest empty ball centered at the origin of $Z_n$. In this work, we prove that after suitable renormalization, $R_n$ converges in law to some non-degenerate distribution as $n\to\infty$. Furthermore, our work shows that the renormalization scales depend on the offspring law and the dimension of the branching random walk. This completes the results of Révész [13] for the critical binary branching Wiener process.
Shuxiong Zhang
,
Jie Xiong
. ON THE EMPTY BALLS OF A CRITICAL OR SUBCRITICAL BRANCHING RANDOM WALK*[J]. Acta mathematica scientia, Series B, 2024
, 44(5)
: 2051
-2072
.
DOI: 10.1007/s10473-024-0525-0
[1] Athreya K B, Ney P E. Branching Processes. Berlin: Springer, 1972
[2] Bovier A.Gaussian Processes on Trees: From Spin Glasses to Branching Brownian Motion.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016
[3] Etheridge A M.An Introduction to Superprocesses.University Lecture Series, 20. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2000
[4] Feller W.An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications II. 2nd ed.New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1971
[5] Gao Z.A note on exact convergence rate in the local limit theorem for a lattice branching random walk.Acta Mathematica Scientia, 2018, 38B(4): 1259-1268
[6] Hu Y. A note on the empty balls left by a critical branching Wiener process.Periodica Mathematica Hungarica, 2005, 50: 165-174
[7] Kesten H.Branching random walk with a critical branching part.Journal of Theoretical Probability, 1995, 8: 921-962
[8] Lalley S P, Shao Y.On the maximal displacement of critical branching random walk.Probability Theory and Related Fields, 2015, 162: 71-96
[9] Le Gall J F.Spatial Branching Processes, Random Snakes and Partial Differential Equations.Lectures in Mathematics ETH Zürich. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1999
[10] Li Z.Measure-Valued Branching Markov Processes. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011
[11] Nagaev S V. Large deviations of sums of independent random variables. The Annals of Probability, 1979, 7: 745-789
[12] Perkins E.Dawson-Watanabe Superprocesses and Measure-Valued Diffusions. Berlin: Springer, 2002
[13] Révész P. Large balls left empty by a critical branching Wiener field.Statistica Neerlandica, 2002, 56: 195-205
[14] Shi Z.Branching Random Walks.École d'Été de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XLII-2012. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 2151. Berlin: Springer, 2015
[15] Slack R S. A branching process with mean one and possibly infinite variance. Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete, 1968, 9: 139-145
[16] Zhang S, Xiong J. A note on the empty balls of a critical super-Brownian motion.Bernoulli, 2024, 30: 72-87