A GENERAL AVERAGING METHOD FOR AFFINE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS

  • Xue YANG ,
  • Jiamin XING ,
  • Yong LI
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  • 1. College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    2. School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
Xue YANG, E-mail: xueyang@jlu.edu.cn; Yong LI, E-mail: liyong@jlu.edu.cn

Received date: 2023-08-17

  Revised date: 2024-07-11

  Online published: 2024-12-06

Supported by

ang's research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12371191; 12071175). Xing's research was supported by the NSFC (12071175; 11901080) and the Fundamental Research Funds For the Central Universities (2412023YQ003). Li's research was supported by the NSFC (12071175) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20200201253JC).

Abstract

We consider the persistence of affine periodic solutions for perturbed affine periodic systems. Such $(Q,T)$-affine periodic solutions have the form $x(t+T)=Qx(t)$ for all $t\in\mathbf{R}$, where $T>0$ is fixed and $Q$ is a nonsingular matrix. These are a kind of spatiotemporal symmetric solutions, e.g. spiral waves. We give the averaging method for the existence of affine periodic solutions in two situations: one in which the initial values of the affine periodic solutions of the unperturbed system form a manifold, and another that does not rely on the structure of the initial values of the unperturbed system's affine periodic solutions. The transversal condition is determined using the Brouwer degree. We also present a higher order averaging method for general degenerate systems by means of the Brouwer degree and a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction.

Cite this article

Xue YANG , Jiamin XING , Yong LI . A GENERAL AVERAGING METHOD FOR AFFINE PERIODIC SOLUTIONS[J]. Acta mathematica scientia, Series B, 2024 , 44(6) : 2207 -2224 . DOI: 10.1007/s10473-024-0609-x

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