MULTIPLE NORMALIZED SOLUTIONS FOR FRACTIONAL SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS WITH COMPETING POWER NONLINEARITY

  • Huifang JIA ,
  • Chunjiang ZHENG
Expand
  • 1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510520, China;
    2. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510520, China
Chunjiang ZHENG, E-mail: zhangzheng0129@foxmail.com

Received date: 2023-05-09

  Revised date: 2024-10-30

  Online published: 2025-10-14

Supported by

Jia's research was supported by the NNSF of China (12471103), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515012370) and the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research (2023A04J1316).

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for the following fractional Schrödinger equations $$\begin{equation*} \begin{cases} (-\Delta)^{s} u+\lambda u=|u|^{p-2}u-|u|^{q-2}u,\ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^{N},\\ \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|u|^{2}{\rm d}x=c>0,\\ \end{cases}\tag{$P$} \end{equation*}$$ where $N\geq 2$, $s\in (0,1)$, $2+\frac{4s}{N}<p<q\leq 2_{s}^{*}=\frac{2N}{N-2s}$, $(-\Delta)^{s}$ represents the fractional Laplacian operator of order $s$, and the frequency $\lambda\in \mathbb{R}$ is unknown and appears as a Lagrange multiplier. Specifically, we show that there exists a $\hat{c}>0$ such that if $c>\hat{c}$, then the problem ($P$) has at least two normalized solutions, including a normalized ground state solution and a mountain pass type solution. We mainly extend the results in [Commun Pure Appl Anal, 2022, 21: 4113-4145], which dealt with the problem ($P$) for the case $2<p<q<2+\frac{4s}{N}$.

Cite this article

Huifang JIA , Chunjiang ZHENG . MULTIPLE NORMALIZED SOLUTIONS FOR FRACTIONAL SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS WITH COMPETING POWER NONLINEARITY[J]. Acta mathematica scientia, Series B, 2025 , 45(5) : 1961 -1980 . DOI: 10.1007/s10473-025-0510-2

References

[1] Ackermann N, Weth T. Unstable normalized standing waves for the space periodic NLS. Anal PDE, 2019, 12(5): 1177-1213
[2] Almgren F, Lieb E. Symmetric decreasing rearrangement is sometimes continuous. J Amer Math Soc, 1989, 2: 683-773
[3] Applebaum D. Lévy processes-from probability to finance and quantum groups. Notices Amer Math Soc, 2004, 51: 1336-1347
[4] Applebaum D.Lévy Processes and Stochastic Calculus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009
[5] Appolloni L, Secchi S. Normalized solutions for the fractional NLS with mass supercritical nonlinearity. J Differential Equations, 2021, 286: 248-283
[6] Bartsch T, Soave N. A natural constraint approach to normalized solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and systems. J Funct Anal, 2017, 272: 4998-5037
[7] Berestycki H, Lions P. Nonlinear scalar field equations I: Existence of a ground state. Arch Rat Mech Anal, 1983, 82: 313-345
[8] Brändle C, Colorado E, de Pablo A, Sánchez U. A concave-convex elliptic problem involving the fractional Laplacian. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A: Mathematics, 2013, 143(1): 39-71
[9] Cabré X, Sire Y. Nonlinear equations for fractional Laplacians I: Regularity, maximum principles,Hamiltonian estimates. Ann Inst H Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire, 2014, 31(1): 23-53
[10] Caffarelli L, Silvestre L. An extension problem related to the fractional Laplacian. Comm Partial Differential Equations, 2007, 32: 1245-1260
[11] Chang X, Wang Z Q. Ground state of scalar field equations involving a fractional Laplacian with general nonlinearity. Nonlinearity, 2013, 26: 479-494
[12] Chang X, Wang Z Q. Nodal and multiple solutions of nonlinear problems involving the fractional Laplacian. J Differential Equations, 2014, 256: 2965-2992
[13] Cingolani S, Gallo M, Tanaka K. Normalized solutions for fractional nonlinear scalar field equations via Lagrangian formulation. Nonlinearity, 2021, 34: 4017-4056
[14] Felmer P, Quaas A, Tan J. Positive solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the fractional Laplacian. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A: Mathematics, 2012, 142(6): 1237-1262
[15] Feng B, Ren J, Wang Q. Existence and instability of normalized standing waves for the fractional Schrödinger equations in the $L^{2}$-supercritical case. J Math Phys, 2020, 61: Art 071511
[16] Frank R, Lenzmann E, Silvestre L. Uniqueness of radial solutions for the fractional Laplacian. Comm Pure Appl Math, 2016, 69: 1671-1726
[17] Hirata J, Tanaka K. Nonlinear scalar field equations with $L^{2}$ constraint: mountain pass and symmetric mountain pass approaches. Adv Nonlinear Stud, 2019, 19: 263-290
[18] Ikoma N, Tanaka K. A note on deformation argument for $L^{2}$ normalized solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and systems. Adv Differential Equations, 2019, 24: 609-646
[19] Jeanjean L. Existence of solutions with prescribed norm for semilinear elliptic equations. Nonlinear Anal, 1997, 28(10): 1633-1659
[20] Jeanjean L, Lu S. Nonradial normalized solutions for nonlinear scalar field equations. Nonlinearity, 2019, 32: 4942-4966
[21] Jeanjean L, Lu S. On global minimizers for a mass constrained problem. Calc Var Partial Differential Equations, 2022, 61: Art 214
[22] Jeanjean L, Lu S. Normalized solutions with positive energies for a coercive problem and application to the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Math Models Methods Appl Sci, 2022, 32: 1557-1588
[23] Li Q, Zou W. The existence and multiplicity of the normalized solutions for fractional Schrödinger equations involving Sobolev critical exponent in the $L^{2}$-subcritical and $L^{2}$-supercritical cases. Adv Nonlinear Anal, 2022, 11: 1531-1551
[24] Li Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Z. Stable standing waves of nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equations. Commun Pure Appl Anal, 2022, 21: 4113-4145
[25] Lions P. Symmetry and compactness in Sobolev spaces. J Funct Anal, 1982, 49: 315-334
[26] Lions P. The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case, part 1. Ann Inst H Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire, 1984, 1: 109-145
[27] Lions P. The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case, part 2. Ann Inst H Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire, 1984, 1: 223-283
[28] Luo H, Zhang Z. Normalized solutions to the fractional Schrödinger equations with combined nonlinearities. Calc Var Partial Differential Equations, 2020, 59: Art 143
[29] Nezza E D, Palatucci G, Valdinoci E. Hitchhiker's guide to the fractional Sobolev spaces. Bull Sci Math, 2012, 136: 521-573
[30] Noris B, Tavares H, Verzini G. Existence and orbital stability of the ground states with prescribed mass for the $L^{2}$-critical and supercritical NLS on bounded domains. Anal PDE, 2014, 7: 1807-1838
[31] Palatucci G, Pisante A. A global compactness type result for Palais-Smale sequences in fractional Sobolev spaces. Nonlinear Anal, 2015, 117: 1-7
[32] Peng C, Shi Q. Stability of standing wave for the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. J Math Phys, 2018, 59: Art 011508
[33] Pierotti D, Verzini G. Normalized bound states for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in bounded domains. Calc Var Partial Differential Equations, 2017, 56: Art 133
[34] Shibata M. Stable standing waves of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a general nonlinear term. Manuscripta Math, 2014, 143: 221-237
[35] Silvestre L. Regularity of the obstacle problem for a fractional power of the Laplace operator. Comm Pure Appl Math, 2007, 60: 67-112
[36] Soave N. Normalized ground state for the NLS equations with combined nonlinearities. J Differential Equations, 2020, 269: 6941-6987
[37] Soave N. Normalized ground state for the NLS equations with combined nonlinearities: the Soboev critical case. J Funct Anal, 2020, 279: Art 108610
[38] Willem M. Minimax Theorems.Boston: Birkhäuser, 1996
[39] Zhang J, Zhu S. Stability of standing waves for the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation. J Dyn Differ Equations, 2017, 29: 1017-1030
[40] Zhu X, Zhou H. Bifurcation from the essential spectrum of superlinear elliptic equations. Appl Anal, 1988, 28, 51-66
Options
Outlines

/