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    Some Properties of Quasi-Periodic Functions and Their Applications
    Hu Keqi, Zhang Qingcai
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (6): 1415-1425.  
    Abstract285)   HTML10)    PDF(pc) (560KB)(532)       Save

    In this paper, we estimate relevant properties of quasi-periodic functions, and these properties are applied. Under the additional condition, the conjecture proposed by Yang is solved.

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    Normalized Solutions of the Quasilinear Schrödinger System in Bounded Domains
    Zhang Qian
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 1-30.  
    Abstract337)   HTML12)    PDF(pc) (779KB)(463)       Save

    This paper is concerned with the following nonlinear coupled system
    $\left\{\begin{array}{l} -\Delta u_{1}+\omega_{1} u_{1}-\frac{1}{2} \Delta\left(u_{1}^{2}\right) u_{1}=\mu_{1}\left|u_{1}\right|^{p-1} u_{1}+\beta\left|u_{2}\right|^{\frac{p+1}{2}}\left|u_{1}\right|^{\frac{p-3}{2}} u_{1} \\ -\Delta u_{2}+\omega_{2} u_{2}-\frac{1}{2} \Delta\left(u_{2}^{2}\right) u_{2}=\mu_{2}\left|u_{2}\right|^{p-1} u_{2}+\beta\left|u_{1}\right|^{\frac{p+1}{2}}\left|u_{2}\right|^{\frac{p-3}{2}} u_{2} \\ \int_{\Omega}\left|u_{i}\right|^{2} \mathrm{~d} x=\rho_{i}, \quad i=1,2, \quad\left(u_{1}, u_{2}\right) \in H_{0}^{1}\left(\Omega ; \mathbb{R}^{2}\right) \end{array}\right.$
    and linear coupled system
    $\left\{\begin{array}{l} -\Delta u_{1}+\omega_{1} u_{1}-\frac{1}{2} \Delta\left(u_{1}^{2}\right) u_{1}=\mu_{1}\left|u_{1}\right|^{p-1} u_{1}+\beta u_{2} \\ -\Delta u_{2}+\omega_{2} u_{2}-\frac{1}{2} \Delta\left(u_{2}^{2}\right) u_{2}=\mu_{2}\left|u_{2}\right|^{p-1} u_{2}+\beta u_{1} \\ \int_{\Omega}\left|u_{i}\right|^{2} \mathrm{~d} x=\rho_{i}, \quad i=1,2, \quad\left(u_{1}, u_{2}\right) \in H_{0}^{1}\left(\Omega ; \mathbb{R}^{2}\right) \end{array}\right.$
    where $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^N(N\geq1)$ is a bounded smooth domain, $\omega_i,\ \beta\in\mathbb R$, $\mu_i,\ \rho_i>0,\ i=1,2.$ Moreover, $p>1$ if $N=1,2$ and $1<p\leqslant\frac{3N+2}{N-2}$ if $N\geqslant3$. Using change of variables, on the one hand, we prove the existence and stability of normalized solutions in nonlinear coupled system and the limiting behavior of normalized solutions as $\beta\rightarrow -\infty$. On the other hand, we apply the minimization constraint technique to obtain the existence of normalized solutions for linear coupled system. Compared with some previous results, we extend the existing results to the quasilinear Schrödinger system and also obtain normalized solutions for the linear coupling case.

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    The Complete Classification of Solutions to the Step Initial Condition: Analysis and Numerical Verification for the Generalized Gardner Equation in Fluid Mechanics
    Zhang Yan, Hao Huiqin, Guo Rui
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (5): 1242-1282.  
    Abstract75)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (10179KB)(394)       Save

    In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the initial discontinuity for the generalized Gardner equation through the Whitham modulation theory, which the generalized Gardner equation can describe the transcritical flow of stratified fluids over topography. Firstly, we derive the linear harmonic wave, soliton and nonlinear trigonometric wave in different limiting cases via the periodic waves represented by the Jacobi elliptic functions. Then we obtain the Whitham characteristic velocities and modulation system based on the Riemann invariants by the finite-gap integration method. Since the modulation system of the generalized Gardner equation is neither strictly elliptic nor hyperbolic type, which makes the dynamical evolution behavior more varied in different regions compared to the KdV equation. Furthermore, we perform a complete classification for all wave structures in the cases of positive and negative cubic nonlinear terms, including the dispersive shock wave, rarefaction wave, trigonometric dispersive shock wave, solibore and their combinations. In addition, the correctness of the results is verified by numerical simulations, and the numerical solutions are in good agreement with the analytical solutions. Finally, the influences of the coefficients of the linear and nonlinear terms on the step initial value problem under certain conditions are analyzed.

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    The Inner Layer of a Class of Singularly Perturbed High-Order Equations with Discontinuous Right-Hand Side
    Fu Yuechen, Ni Mingkang
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (5): 1153-1166.  
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    This paper introduces some work on singular perturbation problems with discontinuous right-hand side, mainly discusses a class of fourth-order Dirichlet boundary value singular perturbation equations with discontinuous right-hand sides. After introducing complex equation form, we construct a formal asymptotic solution with an internal transfer layer by using the boundary layer function method, and give the existence and residual estimation of smooth solutions. Finally, an example is given to verify the correctness of the algorithm.

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    Two-Step Inertial Bregman Proximal Alternating Linearized Minimization Algorithm for Nonconvex and Nonsmooth Problems
    Jing Zhao, Chenzheng Guo
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (6): 1630-1651.  
    Abstract153)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (9184KB)(376)       Save

    In this paper, for solving a class of nonconvex and nonsmooth nonseparable optimization problems, based on proximal alternating linearized minimization method we propose a new iterative algorithm which combines two-step inertial extrapolation and Bregman distance. By constructing appropriate benefit function, with the help of Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz property we establish the convergence of the whole sequence generated by proposed algorithm. We apply the proposed algorithm to solve sparse nonnegative matrix factorization, signal recovery and quadratic fractional programming problems, and show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm.

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    Degeneration Behaviors of Solutions and Hybrid Solutions for the New (3+1)-Dimensional KP Equation
    Guo Yanfeng, Cui Jingyi, Xiao Haijun, Zhang Jingjun
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (6): 1520-1536.  
    Abstract78)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (6402KB)(370)       Save

    We concentrate on the nonlinear wave solutions of the new (3+1)-dimensional KP equation, which was firstly proposed by Wazwaz in 2022. Based on the Hirota bilinear form, the $ P $-breathing solutions are mainly obtained from the $ N $-soliton solutions utilizing the module resonance technique. Then, using parameter limit approach, the Lump solutions are derived by degenerating behaviors of the homoclinic breathing solutions and $ N $-soliton solutions on the basis of the special relations of parameters. In addition, from the partial degeneration of the $ N $-soliton solutions, some hybrid solutions are investigated by the interaction solutions among the breathing, soliton and Lump solutions.

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    Global Existence and Blow-Up for Semilinear Third Order Evolution Equation with Different Power Nonlinearities
    Shi Jincheng, Liu Yan
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (6): 1550-1562.  
    Abstract88)   HTML0)    PDF(pc) (4733KB)(357)       Save

    This paper studies the Cauchy problem of a class of semilinear third-order evolution equations with different power-type nonlinear terms. Its linearized model is derived from the classical thermoelastic plate equations considering Fourier's law. Firstly, by using the appropriate $L^r\!-\!L^q$ estimation away from the asymptote and combining with the Banach fixed point theorem, the existence of the global solution under small initial conditions is obtained. Secondly, for the nonlinear terms that satisfy specific conditions, the explosion of the solution is proved by the test function method. Finally, based on these research results, some critical indicators of the semilinear third-order model are obtained.

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    Breather and Rogue Wave on the Periodic/Double Periodic Background and Interaction Solutions of the Generalized Derivative Nonlinear Schr$\rm\ddot{o}$dinger Equation
    Lou Yu, Zhang Yi
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (6): 1511-1519.  
    Abstract83)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (3267KB)(353)       Save

    The nonlinear Schr$\rm\ddot{o}$dinger equation is a very important integrable system in the field of physics and applied mathematics. In this paper, the breather and rogue wave on the periodic/double periodic background and the collision solutions of breather and rogue wave for the generalized derivative nonlinear Schr$\rm\ddot{o}$dinger equation are studied by using the Darboux transformation. Firstly, the Darboux transformation of the generalized derivative nonlinear Schr$\rm\ddot{o}$dinger equation is constructed. Then, by using the Darboux transformation, the breather and rogue wave on the periodic/double periodic background and the collision solutions are derived. Finally, by means of the figures, the structures of interesting new solutions are analyzed in detail, which also provide a theoretical basis for studying the physical mechanism of the new solution.

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    Traveling Wave Solutions to a Cholera Epidemic System with Spatio-Temporal Delay and Nonlocal Dispersal
    Yang Yongli, Yang Yunrui
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 110-135.  
    Abstract79)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (699KB)(352)       Save

    This paper deals with the existence, non-existence and asymptotic behaviors of traveling wave solutions to a class of cholera epidemic system with spatio-temporal delay and nonlocal dispersal. By constructing the upper and lower solutions, the existence of traveling waves to the system is converted into the fixed point problem of a nonlinear operator on a closed and convex cone, and thus the existence, boundedness and asymptotic behavior at negative infinity of traveling waves of the system are proved by applying Schauder's fixed point theorem, limit theory and analysis techniques. In addition, the nonexistence of traveling waves of the system is also established based on the two-sided Laplace transform and the method of proof by contradiction.

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    Affine Semigroup Dynamical Systems on $\mathbb{Z}_p$
    Lu Xufei,Jiao Changhua,Yang Jinghua
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (2): 305-320.  
    Abstract266)   HTML5)    PDF(pc) (707KB)(351)       Save

    Let $p\geqslant 2$ be a prime and $\mathbb{Z}_p$ be the ring of $p$-adic integers. For any $\alpha,\beta,z\in \mathbb{Z}_p$, define $f_{\alpha,\beta}(z)=\alpha z+\beta$. The first part of this paper studies all minimal subsystems of semigroup dynamical systems $(\mathbb{Z}_p,G)$ when $f_{\alpha_1,\beta_1}$ and $f_{\alpha_2,\beta_2}$ are commutative, where the semigroup $G=\{f_{\alpha_1,\beta_1}^n \circ f_{\alpha_2,\beta_2}^m: m,n \in \mathbb{N}\}$. In particular, we find the semigroup dynamical system $(\mathbb{Z}_p,G)\ (p\geqslant 3)$ is minimal if and only if $(\mathbb{Z}_p,f_{\alpha_1,\beta_1})$ or $(\mathbb{Z}_p,f_{\alpha_2,\beta_2})$ is minimal and we determine all the cases that $(\mathbb{Z}_2,G)$ is minimal. In the second part, we study weakly essentially minimal affine semigroup dynamical systems on $\mathbb{Z}_p$, which is a kind of minimal semigroup systems without any minimal single action. It is shown that such semigroup is non-commutative when $p\geqslant 3$. Moreover, for a fixed prime $p$, we find the least number of generators of a weakly essentially minimal affine semigroup on $\mathbb{Z}_p$. We show that such number is $2$ for $p=2$ and $3$ for $p=3$. Also, we show that such number is not greater than $p$.

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    Spatiotemporal Dynamics Induced by the Interaction Between Fear and Schooling Behavior in a Diffusive Model
    Xiao Jianglong, Song Yongli, Xia Yonghui
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (6): 1577-1594.  
    Abstract112)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (6958KB)(342)       Save

    In this paper, we study the spatiotemporal dynamics in a diffusive predator-prey model with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. Our study indicates that the interaction between fear and schooling behavior induces very rich and interesting spatiotemporal dynamics. The conditions for Turing instability and Turing-Hopf bifurcation emerging are explored at length. By utilizing the normal form method, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the spatial model near the Turing-Hopf bifurcation point are classified. And rich numerical simulations are used to confirm the theoretical analysis. Finally, we summarize the great influence of the fear effect and schooling behavior. We found that the schooling behavior of prey cannot counteract high-level fear, while it offsets the low-level fear. Moreover, the fear effect induces Turing instability of the system with the schooling behavior. However, the fear effect neither changes the stability of coexistence equilibrium, nor induces periodic solutions or Turing instability of the system without the schooling behavior.

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    Dynamical Analysis of an Age-Structured HIV Latent Model with Nonlocal Dispersal and Spatial Heterogeneity
    Wu Peng, Fang Cheng
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 279-294.  
    Abstract91)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (681KB)(328)       Save

    The spatial heterogeneity and infection age profoundly affect the infection process of HIV in the within-host. In order to investigate the effects of spatial heterogeneity and infection age on the infection dynamics of HIV, in this paper, we propose an age structured and nonlocal diffusion HIV latent infection model to describe the diffusion of HIV in different organs of the within-host. Firstly, we investigate the global existence of the model solution. Secondly, by establishing the general update equation of the model, the next generation regeneration operator $\mathcal{R}$ is derived, and the basic regeneration number $R_0 $ of the model is obtained as the spectral radius of the operator $\mathcal{R}$. As the dynamics threshold of the infectious disease model, $R_0$ determines the extinction and outbreak of HIV infection in the host. Finally, the existence of non trivial solutions for the system was proved by using Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. In addition, the asymptotic profiles of the positive steady state of the system were proved in special case.

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    Study on Parameter Identifiability of an Age-Structured Tuberculosis Model with Relapse
    Wu Ziyi, Yang Junyuan
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 269-278.  
    Abstract187)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (829KB)(326)       Save

    The identifiability of model parameters plays a crucial role in determining the precision of model predictions. Additionally, predictions based on identifiable outcomes exhibit a higher degree of scientific rigor and accuracy. Unlike ordinary differential systems, achieving parameter identifiability in age-structured models with initial-boundary conditions poses considerable challenges. This paper aims to investigate the structural and practical identifiability of an age-structured tuberculosis model with relapse. First, we employ the eigenvalue method to ascertain the order of unidentifiable parameters. In conjunction with data provided by the Public Health Science Data Center, we employ Monte Carlo simulation to explore the practical identifiability of the proposed model. By calculating the Average Relative Error (ARE) for each parameter and utilizing the Fisher information matrix, we determine that all parameters are identifiable. Furthermore, we assess how uncertainty in these parameters affects tuberculosis transmission by analyzing the Fisher information matrix and partial rank correlation coefficient.

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    Existence of Periodic Solutions for $\phi$-Laplacian Rayleigh Equations with a Singularity
    Qian Yuting, Zhou Xueliang, Cheng Zhibo
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (5): 1183-1193.  
    Abstract67)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (593KB)(318)       Save

    In this paper, we consider a class of $\phi$-Laplacian Rayleigh equation, where the nonlinear term is non-autonomous and has a singularity at the origin. By applications of Mawhin's continuation theorem and some analysis methods, we prove the existence of periodic solutions to the equation with a strong singularity of repulsive type (or weak and strong singularities of attractive type).

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    Time-Consistent Risk Control and Investment Strategies With Transaction Costs
    Wang Yankai, Peng Xingchun
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (5): 1400-1414.  
    Abstract71)   HTML2)    PDF(pc) (762KB)(318)       Save

    This paper incorporates quadratic transaction costs in the optimal risk control and investment problem for an insurer. Moreover, suppose that the insurance and financial markets are correlated. Under the dynamic mean-variance criterion, by solving a system of extended HJB equations, the equilibrium risk control and investment strategies and the corresponding value function are derived in terms of the solution to a system of matrix Riccati equations. Finally, the effects of transaction costs level and the market correlation coefficient on the equilibrium strategy and the efficient frontier are analyzed by some numerical examples. It turns out that the growth rate of investment slows down as the transaction costs level or the correlation coefficient increases, and the increase of transaction costs level will lead to the decrease of the efficient frontier.

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    Dynamical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of a Syphilis Epidemic Model with Heterogeneous Spatial Diffusion
    Wu Peng, Fang Cheng
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2024, 44 (5): 1352-1367.  
    Abstract75)   HTML0)    PDF(pc) (2986KB)(303)       Save

    To study the effects of individual diffusion and spatial heterogeneity on the transmission of syphilis, we construct a heterogeneous spatial reaction diffusion model of syphilis. Firstly, the well posed problem of the model is studied, including the global existence of the solution, the dissipativity of the system and the existence of the attractor for the semiflow; Secondly, based on the definition of the next generation regeneration operator, we derive the functional expression of the basic regeneration number $R_0$; Thirdly, we discussed the dynamical behaviors of the solution regarding the threshold-$R_0 $, specifically, when $R_0>1$, the disease-free steady state is globally stable, when $R_0>1 $, the system is uniformly persistent. In special cases, we also prove the existence, uniqueness, and global stability of the positive equilibrium of the system. Finally, the theoretical results were validated and the influence of spatial factors on the transmission of syphilis was analyzed through numerical simulation. Our numerical results indicate that: (1) strengthening the treatment of early latent syphilis carriers can effectively reduce the risk of syphilis transmission among population; (2) Ignoring spatial heterogeneity will underestimate the epidemic trend of syphilis. In addition, the impact of individual diffusion rate on the transmission of syphilis cannot be ignored.

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    Integral Averages forms and Harmonic Beltrami Differentials
    Huo Shengjin, Shao Wanting
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 189-202.  
    Abstract71)   HTML0)    PDF(pc) (633KB)(303)       Save

    In this paper we investigate the relationship between the integral averages norms of some analytic functions and the harmonic Beltrami differentials induced by some holomorphic quadratic differentials. We discuss that under what conditions are the holomorphic forms with finite asymptotic variances. The paper offers a new criterion method for a harmonic Beltrami differential belonging to the Weil-Petersson class by the integral means norms. Furthermore we give a method of determining a homeomorphism $g$ of the unit circle $\partial\Delta$ belonging to Sobolev class $H^{\frac{3}{2}}$.

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    Nonmonotone Smoothing Inexact Newton Algorithm for Solving Weighted Horizontal Linear Complementarity Problems
    Fan Tiantian, Tang Jingyong, Zhou Jinchuan
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 165-179.  
    Abstract80)   HTML0)    PDF(pc) (621KB)(300)       Save

    In this paper, we study a nonmonotone smoothing inexact Newton algorithm for solving the weighted horizontal linear complementarity problem (wHLCP). The algorithm uses a smoothing function to reformulate the wHLCP as a nonlinear system of equations and then solve it by inexact Newton's method. Since inexact directions are not necessarily descent, the algorithm adopts a new nonmonotone line search technique to ensure its globalization. Especially, we prove that the generated iteration sequence is bounded under the $ {P} $-pair condition. Moreover, we analyze the local convergence rate of the algorithm under the Hölderian local error bound condition which is more general than the local error bound condition. The algorithm solves the nonlinear equations only approximately so that a lot of computation time can be saved. Numerical experiment results confirm the advantage of the algorithm.

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    Application of Cubic MQ Quasi-Interpolation in Derivative Approximations Under Random Perturbation
    Zhang Shengliang, Qian Yanyan
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 180-188.  
    Abstract73)   HTML2)    PDF(pc) (965KB)(299)       Save

    This paper proposes a numerical method that can effectively approximate high-order derivatives under random perturbation based on the cubic MQ (multiquadric) quasi-interpolation operator. Corresponding numerical examples and error estimates are given. Numerical experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate, more stable and more effective than the existing methods.

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    Oscillation Analysis of Numerical Solutions for a Class of Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients
    Hu Bingbing, Gao Jianfang
    Acta mathematica scientia,Series A    2025, 45 (1): 203-213.  
    Abstract73)   HTML0)    PDF(pc) (530KB)(294)       Save

    This article considers the oscillation of numerical solutions for a class of nonlinear delay differential equations with variable coefficients. By using the linear $\theta$-methods and linearization theory, the oscillation of the nonlinear difference equation is transformed into that of its corresponding linearized equation. By using inequality comparisons and scaling techniques, the conditions of the oscillation for the numerical solutions are obtained.

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