顺从群作用系统中一扩充映射的熵
An Entropy of an Extended Map of Amenable Group Actions
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收稿日期: 2025-03-4 修回日期: 2025-07-19
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Received: 2025-03-4 Revised: 2025-07-19
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研究拓扑空间上群作用和相应的熵理论在数学物理学和拓扑学中都是非常重要的. 因子映射是研究保测动力系统结构理论的一个关键概念, 而条件熵定量地刻画了因子映射的复杂性. 该文计算了顺从群作用动力系统中一类扩充映射的条件熵, 其数值为零.
关键词:
The study of group actions and the corresponding entropy theory in topological spaces is very important in mathematical physics and topology. Factor map is a key concept in the study of the structural theory of measure preserving dynamical systems. Conditional entropy, on the other hand, quantitatively characterises the complexity of factor map. In this paper, we calculate the conditional entropy of a class of extended maps in the dynamical system for amenable group actions, and its value is zero.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
连媛, 刘红军.
Lian Yuan, Liu Hongjun.
1 引言
1948 年, Shannon[30] 将熵作为信息论的基本概念引入. 十年后, Kolmogorov[23,24] 使用 Shannon 的概念定义了遍历理论中保测变换的熵. 为了研究拓扑空间上的动力系统, "拓扑熵'' 的概念第一次在 1965 年由 Adler, Konheim 和 McAndrew[1] 提出. 在 90 年代初期, Blanchard 引入了熵对的概念, 以寻找令人满意的 Kolmogorov 系统的拓扑类似物 (参考文献 [2,3]). Ornstein 和 Weiss 的开创性文献 [27] 奠定了顺从群作用理论的基础, 之后, 由 Rudolph、Danilenko 和 Weiss[8,29,33] 得到进一步的发展. Ollagnier 也在文献 [26] 中讨论了顺从群作用动力系统中的全局熵理论. Kerr 和 Li 在文献 [19-
下面给出本文即将使用到的可测动力系统的一些基础知识 (可参考文献 [31]) 和顺从群作用动力系统中的一些已知结果, 本部分内容主要参考文献 [10]. 本文通篇用
$$\{W_{1}\cap W_{2} : W_{1} \in \mathcal{W}_{1},W_{2}\in \mathcal{W}_{2}\},$$
记为
设
$$H_{\nu}(\mathcal{W}|\mathcal{C})=-\sum_{W_{1}\in \mathcal{W}}\int_{Y}\nu(W_{1}|\mathcal{C})(y)\log\nu(W_{1}|\mathcal{C})(y){\rm d}\nu(y),$$
(特别地, 记
本文中, 用
定义 1.1 设
(1) 单调的: 如果对于任意的
(2) 非负的: 如果对于任意的
(3)
(4) 次可加的: 如果对于任意的
命题 1.1 设
设
$$h_{\nu}(G,\mathcal{W}|\mathcal{C})=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{|F_{n}|}H_{\nu}(\mathcal{W}_{F_{n}}|\mathcal{C}),$$
从而与
$$h_{\nu}(G,Y|\mathcal{C})=\sup_{\alpha\in P_{Y}}h_{\nu}(G,\alpha|\mathcal{C}).$$
下面的命题 1.2 可参考文献 [22,引理 9.5].
命题 1.2 设
2 因子映射
在参考文献 [13] 中, Huang 和 Lu 证明了在一般变换下, 以自然扩充对应的映射的熵为零, 本文旨在得出顺从群的作用下求解相应的结果, 并且在主要结果的证明中使用了群作用系统中条件熵的性质 (参考文献 [22]) 与顺从群作用系统中测度熵的定义 (参考文献 [10]). 一个群
为了在因子映射中使用方便, 本文后续即将用
定义 2.1 设可数离散顺从群
$$h_{\nu_{1}}(G,\mathcal{W}|\pi) = h_{\nu_{1}}(G,\mathcal{W}|\pi^{-1}\mathcal{B}_{Y_{2}}),$$
其中
定义 2.2 设可数离散顺从群
$$\pi: (Y_{1},G)\rightarrow(Y_{2},G)$$
是
$$h_{\nu_{1}}(G, Y_{1}\mid\pi) = h_{\nu_{1}}(G,Y_{1}|\pi^{-1}\mathcal{B}_{Y_{2}}),$$
其中
定义 2.3 用
设
$$Y=\left\{y\in X^{G}:y(tg)=\alpha_{t^{-1}}y(g), \forall t,g\in G\right\},$$
则有下列两条命题成立.
命题 2.1
证 设
$$(sy)(tg)=y(s^{-1}tg)=\alpha_{t^{-1}s}(y(g))=\alpha_{t^{-1}}(\alpha_{s}y(g))=\alpha_{t^{-1}}(y(s^{-1}g))=\alpha_{t^{-1}}((sy)(g)).$$
上述等式中第一个等号和最后一个等号成立是因为
命题 2.2 设
$$\Pi_{g,X}:Y\rightarrow X, $$
则对于每一个
证 本命题的证明需要下列三步.
设两个群作用
$$\Pi_{g,X}\circ \beta_{s}(y)=(\beta_{s}(y))(g)=y( s^{-1}(g))=\alpha_{s}(y(g))=\alpha_{s}\circ\Pi_{g,X}(y).$$
因此
设
设
$$\Pi_{g,X}^{-1}(B)=\{y\in Y:y(g)\in B\}=Y\cap\Bigg\{B\times\prod_{s\in G\setminus\{g\}}X\Bigg\}$$
是
下面构造
现在考虑定义在
推理 2.1 设
$$Y=\left\{y\in X^{G}:y(tg)=\alpha_{t^{-1}}y(g), \forall t,g\in G\right\},$$
令
$$\Pi_{X}:(Y,\overline{\mathcal{B}},\overline{\mu},G)\rightarrow(X,\mathcal{B},\mu,G),$$
则
3 主要结果
定理 3.1 设
$$h_{\overline{\mu}}(G,Y\mid\Pi_{X})=0.$$
任取
设
$$\overline{\mu}(B_{k}\Delta B_{k}')\leq\overline{\mu}(\cup^{k-1}_{j=1}B_{j}\Delta B_{j}')\leq\sum^{k-1}_{j=1}\overline{\mu}(B_{j}\Delta B_{j}')<\frac{\delta}{k^{2}},$$
上列式子中第一个不等式来源于下列事实
$$B_{k}\Delta B_{k}'=\Bigg(Y\setminus \bigcup^{k-1}_{j=1}B_{j}\Bigg)\Delta\Bigg(Y\setminus \bigcup^{k-1}_{j=1}B_{j}'\Bigg)\subseteq \bigcup^{k-1}_{j=1}(B_{j}\Delta B_{j}').$$
取
$$\hspace{-2.2cm} D_{2}=B_{2}'\setminus B_{1}'=B_{2}'\setminus D_{1}\in{\mathcal{D}}_{Y},$$
$$D_{3}=B_{3}'\setminus (B_{1}'\cup B_{2}')=B_{3}'\setminus (D_{1}\cup D_{2})\in{\mathcal{D}}_{Y},$$
$$......$$
$$\hspace{-1.1cm} D_{k}=B_{k}'\setminus \bigcup_{j=1}^{k-1}B_{j}'=B_{k}'\setminus \bigcup_{j=1}^{k-1}D_{j}\in {\mathcal{D}}_{Y}.$$
显而易见, 对于每一个
因为
设
因此
运用上面不等式, 可得
因为
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